What is bulk SMS?
How it works, what it costs, and the registration nobody mentions until you are late
Technically it is unremarkable: your software hands a list of numbers and a message to a gateway, and the gateway hands them to the mobile operators. What makes bulk SMS complicated is never the sending. It is the registration.
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Bulk SMS is sending the same text message to many mobile numbers at once from software rather than a phone, usually through a gateway connected directly to mobile operators. It is used for one-time passwords, order and delivery updates, payment reminders and promotions. In India it costs roughly ₹0.12 to ₹0.22 per message and requires DLT registration of your sender header and every content template before a single message will be delivered.
Almost every country now controls who is allowed to appear as the sender of a message. India runs the strictest version: your company, your sender header and every content template must be registered on the TRAI DLT platform, and a message that does not match a registered template is rejected outright rather than delayed. Singapore labels unregistered senders "Likely-SCAM" on the recipient's handset. The United States does not permit brand-name senders at all — you register a number instead. Oman requires promotional senders to begin with the letters AD.
The second thing that catches people is encoding. A message in Latin script fits 160 characters per segment. The moment it contains Hindi, Arabic, Bangla, Chinese or Tamil it encodes as UCS-2 and a segment holds 70 characters, so the same sentence costs two or three times as much to send.
The third is the split between transactional and promotional. They run on different routes at different prices, and mixing them is why OTPs sometimes arrive four minutes late.
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Learn More →Rates, regulations and operator details on this page were last reviewed on . Regulations change — if something here is out of date, tell us and we will fix it.
